| Authors | (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksw. 1976 |
|---|---|
| Strain | 13017 |
| Classification | Hypocreales, Sarocladiaceae, Sarocladium |
| Culture collection | BCRC FU30166 |
| Detection frequency | Medium |
| Accession number | LC461506 |
| Figure |  Fig. 1 Sarocladium oryzae. a–d. Colony on PDA (a), with reverse in b and MEA (c), with reverse in d. e–g, j. Conidiophores and phialides, with slimy conidial mass in j. h–i. Sporodochia. k. Adelophialide with a conidium. l. Non-transformed and transformed conidia. m. Conidia. (a–d and i–j from strain BCRC FU31120; e–g from strain SA 1-12; f from strain BCRC FU30166; h from strain SA 3-18; k from strain SA 2-15; l–m from BCRC FU31116) (Bars = 5 µm) |
| Colonies | Colonies on PDA attaining 11-, 13-, 13-, and 6-mm diam. after 7 days at 24 °C, 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C, respectively, elevated, wooly, with sparse radial furrows, white, some- times becoming dark olive green at temperature lower than 24 °C, margin entire, reverse orange with white margin. Colonies on MEA attaining 18-, 22-, 23-, and 4-mm diam. after 7 days at 24 °C, 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C, respectively, sparsely cottony, appearing in a coarsely radiate pattern, white with insignificantly yellow pigmentation, translucent, margin entire, reverse pale yellow. |
| Sporodochia | Sporodochia present in some strains, consisting of short and densely aggregated branches bearing whorls of 8–16 long and 1.5–2.5 µm wide phialides. |
| Conidiophores | Conidiophores mononematous, macro- or micronematous, arising from submerged hyphae or aerial mycelium, occasionally warted near the base. Conidiophores reduced and bearing single phialides; or simple and up to 60 μm high, terminating in 1–3 (rarely 4) verticillately arranged phialides; or repeatedly verticillately branched, where the central prima- ry axis extends in growth with successive 1–3 lateral sec- ondary axis arising along the primary axis or is determinate in growth and terminates in 2 or rarely 3 verticillate branches, 1 or 2 of which being independent secondary new axis and the others of which being phialides; appearing monochasial to dichasial, the secondary axis developed in a similar manner as primary axis, with or without tertiary axis. Conidiophore axes usually strongly adpressed, turning to slightly divergent toward the distal part, occasionally with additional branches arising vertically from the lateral sides of secondary or tertiary axes. |
| Conidiogenous cells | Phialides cylindrical, 27–45 × 1.0–2.5 μm, arranged in terminal or intermediate whorls of up to 4, amounting to a maximum of 10 individuals on each conidiophore. Short lateral adelophialides sometimes present. |
| Conidia | Conidia hyaline, 1-celled, cylindrical with rounded ends, 3.5–5.5 × 1.0–2.0 µm (length/width ratio 3.5–4.3), forming a slimy mass on top of phialides. Additional conidia, if present, usually granulate, cylindrical, variable in length, up to 25 µm, with rounded to pointed ends, tri-radiate conidia not observed. |
| Note | Conidiophores in S. oryzae are much poorly branched in comparison with S. attenuatum, and typically form less than 10 phialides in each conidiophore architecture. Additional forms of conidia with elongated and tri-radiate shapes were occasionally present. Unlike S. attenuatum, the elongated conidia were not always pointed at ends in S. oryzae. Only a few strains of S. oryzae obtained in the current study could produce green pigment at 24°C.
Pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation with 3 strains (SA 3-1, BCRC FU31120, BCRC FU30166). Grain discoloration, unfilled grains, and lesions on leaf sheaths were observed on inoculated rice plants. |
| Pathogenicity | This species causes rice sheath rot disease. |
| Specimens examined | Taiwan, Tainan City, rice grains (cultivar Tainan 11), Jan 2013, Jie-Hao Ou, 13017 Taiwan, Taichung City, rice grains (cultivar Tainan 11), Sep 2013, Jie-Hao Ou, 13039 Taiwan, Yunlin County, rice grains, Mar 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14035 Taiwan, Changhua County, rice grains, May 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14066 |
| ITS | AGGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGGTCTCCGTTGGTGAACCAGCGGAGGGATCATTACCAGAGTGCCATAGGCTCTCCAACCCACTGTGAACATACCTATCGTTCCCTCGGCGGGACCAGCGCGCGGCTGCCTCCGGGCTCCGGGCGTCCGCCGGGGACAGCCAAACTCGAATTTTATAGTGATTCTCTGAGGGGCGAGAGCCCGAAAACAAAATAAATCAAAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGCTCTGGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCGCCGGCACTCCGGCGGGCATGCCTGTCCGAGCGTCATTTCAACCCTCAGGAGCGACCTTCGGGGCGCACCTGGTGCTGGGGATCAGCGGCCCTCGCGGCCCCTGTCCCCCAAACTCAGTGGCGGTCGCGCCGCAGCCTCCCCTGCGTAGTAGCACAACCTCGCACCGGAGAGCGGAACGACCACGCCGTGAAACCCCCAACTTTCCAAGGTTGACCTCGGATCAGGTAGGAATACCCGCTGAACTTAA |
| LSU | ACCCGCTGAACTTAAGCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAGAAACCAACAGGGATTGCCTCAGTAACGGCGAGTGAAGCGGCAACAGCTCAAATTTGAAATCTGGCCGCAAGGTCCGAGTTGTAATTTGCAGAGGATGCTTTTGGCGAGGTGCCTTCCGAGTTCCCTGGAACGGGACGCCATAGAGGGTGAGAGCCCCGTACGGTTGGACCACCGAGCCTCTGTAAAGCTCCTTCGACGAGTCGAGTAGTTTGGGAATGCTGCTCTAAATGGGAGGTGTACGTCTTCTAAAGCTAAATACCGGCCAGAGACCGATAGCGCACAAGTAGAGTGATCGAAAGATGAAAAG |
| ACT | GTCCTGCTCACCGAGGCGCCCATCAACCCCAAGTCCAATCGTGAGAAGATGACCCAGATCGTCTTCGAGACCTTCAACGCCCCCGCATTCTACGTCTCCATCCAGGCCGTTCTGTCCCTGTATGCCTCCGGTCGTACCACCGGTATCGTTCTGGATTCTGGTGATGGTGTCACTCACGTTGTCCCCATCTACGAGGGTTTCGCCCTCCCTCATGCCATTGCTCGTGTCGACATGGCTGGCCGTGATCTTACTGATTACCTCATGAAGATCCTTGCTGAGCGTGGTTACACCTTCTCCACCACCGCCGAGCGTGAAATCGTTCGTGACATCAAGGAGAAGCTCTGCTACGTCGCCCTTGACTTCGAGCAGGAGATCCAGACCGCCGCCCAGTCCTCCAGCCTCGAGAAGTCTTACGAGCTTCCTGATGGCCAGGTCATCACCATCGGAAACGAGCGTTTCCGCGCCCCTGAGGCTCTCTTCCAGCCCTCTGTCCTCGGTCTCGAGAGCGGTGGTATCCACGTCACCACTTTCAACTCTATCATGAAGTGCGATGTCGACGTCCGAAAGGATCTCTACGGCAACATTGTCATGGTATGTTTTAAGGGTCAAACCAGAGATACGTGATGATTGAAAACTAACGATGACCTAGTCTGGTGGTACCACCATGTACCCTGGTCTCTCCGACCGTATGCAGAAGGAGATCACTTCTCTTGCTCCTTCTTCCATGAAGGTCAAGATCATTGCTCCTCCGGAGCGCAAGTACTCTGTC |
| TUB | AGGACGTTGTCAACGAGCTCAGCACCCTCAGTGTAGTGACCCTTGGCCCAGTTGTTGCCAGCACCGGACTGGCCGAAAACGAAGTTGTCAGGGCGGAAAAGCTGACCGAAGGGACCAGCACGGACGGCGTCCATGGTACCAGGCTCAAGATCGACGAGGACGGCGCGAGGAACATACTTGTTGCCGGAGGCCTGAAGAGGCGGTCAGTGGGTTCATAGCAAGCAAGAGACGCGTTATGGGCATCTCTCAGTCAAATCCAACCACGAACCTCGTTGAAGTAGACGCTCATGCGCTCCAGCTGGAGCTCAGAGGTGCCGTTGTAGATACCATTGCTGTCGAGACCGTGCTCGCCAGAGATGGTCTGCCAGAACGCAGCACCAACTTGGTTGCCCTAGATCGAAAACATGGTGAGCCCCGCACATAAAGTCGAGATGGGAGCTATTGCAGCTACTTACGCACTGGCCGGTCTGGAGGTGAATCTATTTGCAAAAGAAAGAAAAATGGTCAGCAAGTTGTTTCTCTCTCCAAGTTTCATCGTATGTGTTGACACGCCGCATGGTGATATCCCAAAGTCCTGGTTGTACCCCGCCACGAGTTTAGGGGTAACGGCGTTTTTGCTGGCAACAAAGGAACGCGTCGCGCGGGGGTTTCGAGGCTCGTGGCGCATGGGCGGGAGAAGGAATGTAACTCACAATC |