| Authors | Currie & Thom 1915 |
|---|---|
| Strain | 15011 |
| Classification | Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Penicillium |
| Culture collection | BCRC FU31418 |
| Detection frequency | Medium |
| Figure |  Fig. 1 5-day-old colony on PDA  Fig. 2 Penicillium oxalicum. a–c. Conidiophores and conidia. d. Conidia. e. Sporulation on OA (Bars= 5 μm, unless otherwise specified) |
| Colonies | Colonies on PDA attaining 39-mm at 25 °C after 5 days, velvety, initially white, turning dark green with heavy sporulation, reverse pale yellow. |
| Conidiophores | Conidiophores erect, hyaline, smooth, mono or bi-verticillate with 2–3 metulae, up to 350 µm long, 2–3.5 µm wide. |
| Conidiogenous cells | Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, cylindrical, in whorls of (2–)3–5(–6), 8–14 × 2.0–3.0 µm. |
| Conidia | Conidia ellipsoid, in chain, subhyaline, dark green in mass, 4–5 × 2.5–3.5 µm. |
| Note | Strain 15011 shares 100% and 98.97% identities in ITS and TUB2 regions with the ex-type strain of Penicillium oxalicum(CCF 2315; HE651152, KF296462). |
| Pathogenicity | This species is considered as saprophyte. It is cosmopolitan and can be found on corn and rice grain (Kozakiewicz, 1992), and it has also been found on rice straw in Taiwan (Yaguchi et al., 1982). This species produces mycotoxin, secalonic acid D (SAD) in artificial culture. SAD has also been detected in the grain dust, but has not been detected in freshly harvested corn (Palmgren & Fleischhacker, 1987). |
| Specimens examined | Taiwan, Changhua County, rice grains, May 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14062 Taiwan, Changhua County, rice grains, May 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14071 Taiwan, Ilan County, rice grains, Aug 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14101 Taiwan, Taichung City, rice grains (cultivar Taichung 65), Feb 2015, Jie-Hao Ou, 15011 |
| ITS | GCCCTCTGGGTCCAACCTCCCACCCGTGTTTATCGTACCTTGTTGCTTCGGCGGGCCCGCCTCACGGCCGCCGGGGGGCATCCGCCCCCGGGCCCGCGCCCGCCGAAGACACACAAACGAACTCTTGTCTGAAGATTGCAGTCTGAGTACTTGACTAAATCAGTTAAAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCCGGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCCCTGGTATTCCGGGGGGCATGCCTGTCCGAGCGTCATTGCTGCCCTCAAGCACGGCTTGTGTGTTGGGCTCTCGCCCCCCGCTTCCGGGGGGCGGGCCCGAAAGGCAGCGGCGGCACCGCGTCCGGTCCTCGAGCGTATGGGGCTTCGTCACCCGCTCTGTAGGCCCGGCCGGCGCCCGCCGGCGAACACCATCAATCTTAACCAGGTTGACCTCGGATCAGGTAGGGATACCCGCTGAACTTAA |
| TUB | ATGGGATCCTGACGACAGAGAATGGCGGTCTGATATTTTTCGGTTTAGCTACAATGGTTCCTCCGACCTCCAGCTGGAGCGCATGAACGTCTACTTCACCCACGTAAGTCGTGAAAAACGTCTTCCCAATCAAAGAAATCTCCCAAACCTGATCATTGAAACGTTCGATTTTCCAGGCTAGCGGTGACAAGTATGTTCCCCGTGCCGTTCTCGTCGACCTGGAGCCTGGTACCATGGACGCTGTCCGTGCCGGTCCCTTTGGCAAGCTCTTCCGCCCCGACAACTTCGTCTTTGGCCAGTCTGGTGCTGGTAACAACTGGGCCAAGGGTCACTACACCGAGGGTGCCGAGCTCGTCGACCAGGTCATCG |