| Strain | 14110 |
|---|---|
| Classification | Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae, Alternaria |
| Culture collection | processing |
| Detection frequency | Medium |
| Figure |  Fig. 1 5-day-old colony on PDA  Fig. 2 Alternaria sp. 14110. a, e, i, m. Sporulation on cut PCA surface. b, f, j, n. Conidiophores and conidia. c–d, g–h, k–l, o–p. Conidia (a–d from strain 14012; e–h from strain 14110; i –l from strain 14166; m–p from strain 14187) (Bars= 5 μm, unless otherwise specified) 
Fig. 3 Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree obtained from aligned EF, GPDH, RPB2 sequences of the Alternaria sp. 14110 and allied species. |
| Colonies | Colonies on PDA attaining 46-mm at 25 °C after 5 days, margins entire, cottony, often slightly zonated, pale grey with white margin; reverse dark olivaceous, paler towards the margin. |
| Conidiophores | Conidiophores erect, arising from submerged or aerial hyphae, brown, simple or with a lateral branch, bearing 1–3 conidiogenous loci, up to 200 µm long, 2.5–5 µm wide. Secondary conidiophores often observed, arising apically or laterally from conidium body, short, comprised of 1–3 cells, bearing 1–2(–3) conidiogenous loci. |
| Conidiogenous cells | Conidiogenous cells tretic, integrated, terminal, sympodial, with thickened scars. |
| Conidia | Conidia brown, in branched chains, smooth or echinulate, mostly obclavate to obovoid, with 3–5(–7) constricted transverse septa, 22–45 × 9–16 µm; conidia near the end of chains often become globose, ellipsoidal or obovoid, 0–3-septate, 6–17 × 7–12 µm; the first four transverse sectors often further divided into 1–9 cells by longitudinal or oblique septa; short beak present on all conidia except the terminal conidia, 3–15 µm long. Primary conidial chains often comprised of 2–9 conidia and bearing 1–4 lateral seconday conidial chians. Secondary conidial chians short, comprised of 1–3(–4) shorter conidia. Tertiary conidial chains not observed. |
| Note | Alternaria species often sporulate sporadically under artificial condition. In reference to the method proposed by Simmons (2000, p. 58), to promote the sporulation, a small piece (1×1 cm) of agar block is cut from the margin of colony growing on the PCA medium, and then transferred to the same medium. After several days, conidia will emerge from the cut surface of the agar.
Base on the phylogenetic analysis, this clade can be classified under the sect. Alternata. Most species in this section produce conidia with only few or no longitudinal septa (Woudenberg et al., 2013). However, the conidia of Alternaria 14110 clade often have more than 5 longitudinal septa. Some strains of Alternaria 14110 clade (14110, 14166, 14187) often produce many small, 1–3-celled conidia on the tail end of the conidial chain. |
| Pathogenicity | Unknown |
| Specimens examined | Taiwan, Taichung City, rice grains (cultivar Tainung 67), Sep 2013, Jie-Hao Ou, 13040 Taiwan, Taitung County, rice grains (cultivar Taitung 30), Jan 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14012 Taiwan, Taitung County, rice grains (cultivar Taitung 30), Sep 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14110 Taiwan, Taichung City, rice grains (cultivar Taichung 194), Dec 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14166 Taiwan, Miaoli County, rice grains (cultivar Miaoli 2), Dec 2014, Jie-Hao Ou, 14187 |
| ITS | GGGCTGGAATCTCTCGGGGTTACAGCCTTGCTGAATTATTCACCCTTGTCTTTTGCGTACTTCTTGTTTCCTTGGTGGGTTCGCCCACCACTAGGACAAACATAAACCTTTTGTAATTGCAATCAGCGTCAGTAACAAATTAATAATTACAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCTGGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAGTGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCTTTGGTATTCCAAAGGGCATGCCTGTTCGAGCGTCATTTGTACCCTCAAGCTTTGCTTGGTGTTGGGCGTCTTGTCTCTAGCTTTGCTGGAGACTCGCCTTAAAGTAATTGGCAGCCGGCCTACTGGTTTCGGAGCGCAGCACAAGTCGCACTCTCTATCAGCAAAGGTCTAGCATCCATTAAGCCTTTTTTCAACTTTTGACCTCGGATCAGGTAGGGATACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC |
| LSU | GGAGGAAAAGAAACCAACAGGGATTGCCCTAGTAACGGCGAGTGAAGCGGCAACAGCTCAAATTTGAAATCTGGCTCTTTTAGAGTCCGAGTTGTAATTTGCAGAGGGCGCTTTGGCTTTGGCAGCGGTCCAAGTTCCTTGGAACAGGACGTCACAGAGGGTGAGAATCCCGTACGTGGTCGCTGGCTATTGCCGTGTAAAGCCCCTTCGACGAGTCGAGTTGTTTGGGAATGCAGCTCTAAATGGGAGGTACATTTCTTCTAAAGCTAAATATTGGCCAGAGACCGATAGCGCACAAGTAGAGTGATCGAAAGATGAAAAGCACTTTGGAAAGAGAGTCAAACAGCACGTGAAATTGTTGAAAGGGAAGCGCTTGCAGCCAGACTTGCTTACAGTTGCTCATCCGGGTTTTTACCCGGTGCACTCTTCTGTAGGCAGGCCAGCATCAGTTTGGGCGGTAGGATAAAGGTCTCTGTCACGTACCTCCTCTCGGGCAGGCCTCATAGGGGAGTCTTCGTCATACCAG |
| EF1a | TTGATTCCGGCAAGTCCACCACCACCGGCCGTAAGCCCTCCCTCTCCGAACGACTGCGGGGTCAAACAACTTACACTGGGATACAGACTTGATCTACAAGTGCGGTGGTATTGACAAGCGTACCATCGAGAAGTTCGAGAAGGTATGGCATCACTTTTCTTTCACGCGGCCTGTTGCGCCCACCCGGTGCTTTCTTTGAGCGCGTTGCCAAAGCCTGGCTTATCGCGATGAGGGGCATTTTTGGGTGGTGGGGATGTGCGAACTTTTACGCGCTAGCGCTAGTCCGCATGCGGCCTTCGCGAACTCCAACGCCATGACGCACATGTAATTTTCCCATTCTGGCCACAGCGAGCTAACAAGCCTCACAGGAAGCCGCCGAACTCGGTAAGGGTTCCTTCAAGTACGCATGGGTCCTCGACAAGTTGAAGGCCGAGCGTGAGCGTGGTATCACCATCGACATTGCTCTCTGGAAGTTCGAGACTCCCAAGGTTAGTACCCTCTGCCTACTACATCAAGTTCTATACAATGCTAACATGCTGTACTCAGTACTAT |
| GPD | GCCGCATTGGCCGTATCGTCTTCCGCAATGCGTAAGTTTCGCCCAACTCGTCGATACAATCTATCAAAGCTGACCGCATGCCACAGTATCGAGCACAACGACGTCGACATTGTCGCCGTAAACGACCCTTTCATCGAGCCCCACTATGCTGTAAGCTTCCCCAAGCACCTACACTACAGCCGCGGCCATCCAAATTGCGAAAACAGTTCTTGCGATGCGCTAGAGCTCCTGTGGTCGCAGAATGCAGGCTAACACATTCAGGCCTACATGCTCAAGTATGACAGCACACACGGCCAGTTCAAGGGTGAGATCAAGGTTGACGGCAACAACCTGACTGTCAACGGCAAGACCATCCGTTTCCACATGGAGAAAGACCCCGCCAACATCCCATGGAGCGAGACCGGCGCTTACTACGTCGTTGAGTCCACCGGTGTCTTCACCACCACCGAGAAGGCCAAGGCTCACTTGAAGGGTGGAGCCAAGAAGGTCGTCATTTCTGCTCCCTCTGCTGACGCCCCCATGTTCGTTATGGGTGTCAACCACGAGACTTACAAGTCCGACATTGAGGTTCTCTCCAACGCCTCTTGCACAACCAACTGCCTTGCTCCCCTTGCCAAGGTTGTCCACGACAAATTCACCATCATTGAGGGTCTCATGACCACCATCCACTCCTACACTGCCACCCAGAAGGTCGTTGACGGCCCCTCCGCTAAGGACTGGCGTGGTGGCCGCACAGCTGCTCAGA |
| RPB2 | CCGGTGTCTCCCAGGTGTTGAACCGATACACTTACGCCTCCACACTGTCCCATTTGCGTCGAACGAATACCCCTGTTGGTCGAGATGGAAAGCTCGCCAAGCCGCGACAACTCCACAACTCTCATTGGGGTCTTGTCTGCCCTGCCGAGACTCCTGAAGGACAGGCTTGTGGTCTGGTTAAGAACCTGTCTTTGATGTGCTATGTTAGTGTCGGTAGTGACGCTTCTCCCATCATCGACTTCATGACACAACGAAACATGCAACTTCTAGAAGAGTATGATCAGAACCAGAACCCCGATGCCACCAAGGTCTTCGTCAACGGTGTCTGGGTTGGTGTCCATTCCAACGCTCAACAACTTGTCACAGTTGTGCAGGAGCTGCGACGAAACGGAACTCTATCCTATGAGATGAGTCTGATTCGTGACATTCGTGACCGAGAGTTCAAGATCTTTACAGATGCTGGCCGTGTCATGAGACCACTGTTCGTTGTTGAGAACGACATTCGGAAGCCAAACCGCAACCACCTAATCTTCACCAAGGAGATCAGTAACAAGCTCAAGCAGGAGCAACAAGAGACAAGCACACGACAGGGTTGGAGCCAGGATGAAGTCGAATCAGCTACCTACGGCTGGAGAGGTCTTATTCAAGATGGTGTTGTGGAGTACCTAGACGCTGAAGAGGAGGAGACTGCCATGATAACGTTCTCCCCTGAGGATCTGGAGGAGTGGCGAGAGATGAAATTGGGCTTGCCGGCGGCTGAGCGATCCACCGAGGGTGAGCACCGTCTCCGACGCCTCAAGCCACTACCAGACCCCCGCATCCATGCCTATACTCATTGCGAGATTCATCCGGCTATGATTCTCGGTATCTGTGCCAGTATCATTCCCT |